1984

Nineteen Eighty-Four (also published as 1984) is a dystopian social science
fiction novel and cautionary tale by English writer George Orwell. It was
published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book
completed in his lifetime. Thematically, it centres on the consequences of
totalitarianism, mass surveillance and repressive regimentation of people and
behaviours within society. Orwell, a democratic socialist, modelled the
authoritarian state in the novel on Stalinist Russia and Nazi Germany. More
broadly, the novel examines the role of truth and facts within societies and
the ways in which they can be manipulated. The story takes place in an
imagined future in the year 1984, when much of the world is in perpetual war.
Great Britain, now known as Airstrip One, has become a province of the
totalitarian superstate Oceania, which is led by Big Brother, a dictatorial
leader supported by an intense cult of personality manufactured by the Party's
Thought Police. Through the Ministry of Truth, the Party engages in
omnipresent government surveillance, historical negationism, and constant
propaganda to persecute individuality and independent thinking.